Changes between Initial Version and Version 1 of TracCgi

Timestamp:

Aug 16, 2012 9:31:37 AM (12 years ago)

Author:

trac

Comment:

--

TracCgi

@@ +1 @@
+= Installing Trac as CGI =
+
+{{{
+#!div class=important
+  ''Please note that using Trac via CGI is the slowest deployment method available. It is slower than [TracModPython mod_python], [TracFastCgi FastCGI] and even [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp IIS/AJP] on Windows.''
+}}}
+
+CGI script is the entrypoint that web-server calls when a web-request to an application is made. To generate the `trac.cgi` script run:
+{{{
+trac-admin /path/to/env deploy /path/to/www/trac
+}}}
+`trac.cgi` will be in the `cgi-bin` folder inside the given path. Make sure it is executable by your web server. This command also copies `static resource` files to a `htdocs` directory of a given destination.
+
+== Apache web-server configuration ==
+
+In [http://httpd.apache.org/ Apache] there are two ways to run Trac as CGI:
+
+ 1. Use a `ScriptAlias` directive that maps an URL to the `trac.cgi` script (recommended)
+ 2. Copy the `trac.cgi` file into the directory for CGI executables used by your web server (commonly named `cgi-bin`). You can also create a symbolic link, but in that case make sure that the `FollowSymLinks` option is enabled for the `cgi-bin` directory.
+
+To make Trac available at `http://yourhost.example.org/trac` add `ScriptAlias` directive to Apache configuration file, changing `trac.cgi` path to match your installation:
+{{{
+ScriptAlias /trac /path/to/www/trac/cgi-bin/trac.cgi
+}}}
+
+ ''Note that this directive requires enabled `mod_alias` module.''
+
+If you're using Trac with a single project you need to set its location using the `TRAC_ENV` environment variable:
+{{{
+<Location "/trac">
+  SetEnv TRAC_ENV "/path/to/projectenv"
+</Location>
+}}}
+
+Or to use multiple projects you can specify their common parent directory using the `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` variable:
+{{{
+<Location "/trac">
+  SetEnv TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR "/path/to/project/parent/dir"
+</Location>
+}}}
+
+ ''Note that the `SetEnv` directive requires enabled `mod_env` module. It is also possible to set TRAC_ENV in trac.cgi. Just add the following code between "try:" and "from trac.web ...":''
+
+{{{
+    import os
+    os.environ['TRAC_ENV'] = "/path/to/projectenv"
+}}}
+
+ '' Or for TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR: ''
+
+{{{
+    import os
+    os.environ['TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR'] = "/path/to/project/parent/dir"
+}}}
+
+If you are using the [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/suexec.html Apache suEXEC] feature please see [http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/ApacheSuexec].
+
+On some systems, you ''may'' need to edit the shebang line in the `trac.cgi` file to point to your real Python installation path. On a Windows system you may need to configure Windows to know how to execute a .cgi file (Explorer -> Tools -> Folder Options -> File Types -> CGI).
+
+== Mapping Static Resources ==
+
+Out of the box, Trac will pass static resources such as style sheets or images through itself. For a CGI setup this is '''highly undesirable''', because this way CGI script is invoked for documents that could be much more efficiently served directly by web server.
+
+Web servers such as [http://httpd.apache.org/ Apache] allow you to create “Aliases” to resources, giving them a virtual URL that doesn't necessarily reflect the layout of the servers file system. We already used this capability by defining a `ScriptAlias` for the CGI script. We also can map requests for static resources directly to the directory on the file system, avoiding processing these requests by CGI script.
+
+There are two primary URL paths for static resources - `/chrome/common` and `/chrome/site`. Plugins can add their own resources usually accessible by `/chrome/plugin` path, so its important to override only known paths and not try to make universal `/chrome` alias for everything.
+
+Add the following snippet to Apache configuration '''before''' the `ScriptAlias` for the CGI script, changing paths to match your deployment:
+{{{
+Alias /trac/chrome/common /path/to/trac/htdocs/common
+Alias /trac/chrome/site /path/to/trac/htdocs/site
+<Directory "/path/to/www/trac/htdocs">
+  Order allow,deny
+  Allow from all
+</Directory>
+}}}
+
+If using mod_python, you might want to add this too (otherwise, the alias will be ignored):
+{{{
+<Location "/trac/chrome/common/">
+  SetHandler None
+</Location>
+}}}
+
+Note that we mapped `/trac` part of the URL to the `trac.cgi` script, and the path `/chrome/common` is the path you have to append to that location to intercept requests to the static resources. 
+
+For example, if Trac is mapped to `/cgi-bin/trac.cgi` on your server, the URL of the Alias should be `/cgi-bin/trac.cgi/chrome/common`.
+
+Similarly, if you have static resources in a project's htdocs directory (which is referenced by /chrome/site URL in themes), you can configure Apache to serve those resources (again, put this '''before''' the `ScriptAlias` for the CGI script, and adjust names and locations to match your installation):
+
+{{{
+Alias /trac/chrome/site /path/to/projectenv/htdocs
+<Directory "/path/to/projectenv/htdocs">
+  Order allow,deny
+  Allow from all
+</Directory>
+}}}
+
+Alternatively to hacking `/trac/chrome/site`, you can directly specify path to static resources using `htdocs_location` configuration option in [wiki:TracIni trac.ini]:
+{{{
+[trac]
+htdocs_location = http://yourhost.example.org/trac-htdocs
+}}}
+
+Trac will then use this URL when embedding static resources into HTML pages. Of course, you still need to make the Trac `htdocs` directory available through the web server at the specified URL, for example by copying (or linking) the directory into the document root of the web server:
+{{{
+$ ln -s /path/to/www/trac/htdocs /var/www/yourhost.example.org/trac-htdocs
+}}}
+
+Note that in order to get this `htdocs` directory, you need first to extract the relevant Trac resources using the `deploy` command of TracAdmin:
+[[TracAdminHelp(deploy)]]
+
+
+== Adding Authentication ==
+
+The simplest way to enable authentication with Apache is to create a password file. Use the `htpasswd` program to create the password file:
+{{{
+$ htpasswd -c /somewhere/trac.htpasswd admin
+New password: <type password>
+Re-type new password: <type password again>
+Adding password for user admin
+}}}
+
+After the first user, you dont need the "-c" option anymore:
+{{{
+$ htpasswd /somewhere/trac.htpasswd john
+New password: <type password>
+Re-type new password: <type password again>
+Adding password for user john
+}}}
+
+  ''See the man page for `htpasswd` for full documentation.''
+
+After you've created the users, you can set their permissions using TracPermissions.
+
+Now, you'll need to enable authentication against the password file in the Apache configuration:
+{{{
+<Location "/trac/login">
+  AuthType Basic
+  AuthName "Trac"
+  AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd
+  Require valid-user
+</Location>
+}}}
+
+If you're hosting multiple projects you can use the same password file for all of them:
+{{{
+<LocationMatch "/trac/[^/]+/login">
+  AuthType Basic
+  AuthName "Trac"
+  AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd
+  Require valid-user
+</LocationMatch>
+}}}
+
+For better security, it is recommended that you either enable SSL or at least use the “digest” authentication scheme instead of “Basic”. Please read the [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/ Apache HTTPD documentation] to find out more. For example, on a Debian 4.0r1 (etch) system the relevant section  in apache configuration can look like this:
+{{{
+<Location "/trac/login">
+    LoadModule auth_digest_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_auth_digest.so
+    AuthType Digest
+    AuthName "trac"
+    AuthDigestDomain /trac
+    AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd
+    Require valid-user
+</Location>
+}}}
+and you'll have to create your .htpasswd file with htdigest instead of htpasswd as follows:
+{{{
+# htdigest /somewhere/trac.htpasswd trac admin
+}}}
+where the "trac" parameter above is the same as !AuthName above  ("Realm" in apache-docs). 
+
+----
+See also:  TracGuide, TracInstall, [wiki:TracModWSGI], TracFastCgi, TracModPython